Solar Panels (Photovoltaic Cells):

Function: Solar panels convert sunlight into electricity using photovoltaic (PV) cells. When sunlight hits these cells, it excites electrons, creating a flow of electricity.

COMPONENTS:
PV Cells: Made from silicon, they absorb sunlight and generate direct current (DC) electricity.
Glass Cover: Protects the cells while allowing sunlight to pass through.
Frame: Provides structural support and aids in mounting.

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Inverter

Function: The inverter converts the DC electricity produced by the solar panels into alternating current (AC) electricity, which is used by most home appliances.

TYPES:
String Inverters: Connect multiple panels in a series, suitable for most residential setups
Microinverters: Installed on individual panels, optimizing performance by allowing each panel to work independently.
Power Optimizers: Work with string inverters to maximize the output of each panel.

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Battery Storage

Function: Batteries store excess energy generated by the solar panels for use during times when the panels aren't producing electricity, such as at night or on cloudy days.

TYPES:
Lead-Acid Batteries: Cost-effective but have a shorter lifespan and lower energy density.
Lithium-Ion Batteries: More efficient and longer-lasting, commonly used in modern systems.

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Integration: Batteries are connected to the inverter, allowing stored energy to be converted to AC for home use when needed.